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Topical diltiazem in management of chronic anal fissure: a review of the literature

Roja Hadianamrei

Anal fissure is a common painful anorectal condition which affects people of various age groups, and deteriorates their quality of life. Chronic anal fissure requires medical intervention either by pharmacotherapy or by surgery. Various pharmacological agents have been used in the treatment of chronic anal fissure with the aim of relaxation of internal anal-sphincter smooth muscle. Diltiazem is a calcium-channel blocker that has been tried in several clinical studies for management of chronic anal fissure. This review focuses on the available literature data on the use of topical diltiazem (cream, gel, ointment) in the treatment of chronic anal fissure in order to give an overall viewpoint of the work carried on in this field and the results obtained.